丽江云杉家系苗期性状通径分析与优良家系初选

对91个丽江云杉(Picea likiangensis)2年生实生苗的苗高、地径、侧枝数、根系长和干重5个生长性状进行遗传分析和通径分析,并采用综合选择指数法对丽江云杉进行优良家系的评选。结果表明：2年生丽江云杉实生苗家系间各性状存在极显著差异(P＜0.01),其中侧枝数的遗传力最大,根系长的遗传力最小;性状的遗传变异系数干质量最大,苗高最小;地径对苗高的直接贡献最大,根系长通过地径对苗高的间接作用最大。通过综合选择指数法,评选出12个优良家系,这些家系的苗高实际增益为13.10%～29.58%,遗传增益为11.17%～25.24%。     

甘肃禾本科饲用植物资源研究

甘肃省生态环境复杂,植物种类多样,禾本科饲用植物资源丰富.为此对甘肃禾本科饲用植物的地理分布、属种组成、区系成分及饲用价值等进行了分析研究,并对其利用保护提出了一些建议.     

Developmental temperature stress and parental identity shape offspring burst swimming performance in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

Abstract – The persistent effects of embryonic temperature stress and individual parentage on fry swimming performance were examined in a cross‐fertilisation experiment using sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). A fixed‐velocity test of burst swimming was used to assess the endurance capacity and behavioural performance of individual fry from 10 offspring families incubated at 12, 14 or 16 °C to hatch and then reared through yolk absorption and exogenous feeding stages in a common posthatch environment (average 6.9 °C). Fry burst swim time (BST) was influenced by an interaction between incubation temperature and family identity. Average BST was longer for fry from the 12 °C prehatch treatment compared to 14 and 16 °C, although differences were largely attributable to temperature effects on average fry size. Behavioural observations revealed that fish incubated at 16 °C performed more poorly, having a larger proportion of individuals that required stimulation to swim, fatigued more frequently or were classified as ‘nonswimmers’. Within all three incubation temperature treatments, mean BST varied significantly among offspring families, independent of fry mass and length. An interesting relationship was observed within the 16 °C treatment, whereby families with higher survivorship were characterised with lower mean BSTs. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that exposure to high temperatures in early sockeye salmon development can result in persistent, parentally mediated effects on fry performance. As such, these results provide important insight into how elevated temperature events during egg incubation may affect early life history selection processes and survival in stages beyond when the stressor is experienced.     

应用时间序列分析模型对大菱鲆选育F1优良家系发育的动态研究

根据Box-Jenkins建模原理,采用ARIMAR(p,d,q)模型,以大菱鲆选育F1优良家系为研究对象,应用时间序列分析方法对在3～27月龄间不同发育阶段体重的生长速度进行动态模拟,建立各家系的预测模型。结果表明,家系E♂1×E♀2和F♂2×E♀4符合ARIMAR(2,0,0)模型(2个家系的模型都不含常数项),家系F♂4×N♀3、E♂2×F♀1和F♂1×F♀4符合ARIMAR(1,0,0)模型(3个家系的模型都不含常数项),且所建模型的残差均为白噪声。由此预测出27～27.5及27.5～28月龄各家系体重生长速度,经与相应实测数据的验证说明,5个家系各自所建模型在一定程度上能够反映大菱鲆体重生长速度的动态变化过程,对各家系体重生长速度的趋势预测有一定的适用性。通过对每一家系后期生长速度的预测,结合前期生长速度的实测值,综合分析体重生长速度的动态变化,为在大菱鲆选择育种过程中确定最佳选择时间提供理论依据。     

Freeze testing and field mortality of Pinus sylvestris (L.) in northern Sweden

Six short‐term freezing experiments were carried out on 24 one‐year‐old single‐tree open pollinated families of Pinus sylvestris (L.) representing four populations in northerly Sweden (latitude 62°10'N to 66°50'N). Two experiments were conducted in a climate chamber, two in a greenhouse and two outdoors. For freeze testing the plants were exposed to ‐10°C for three hours in a freezing chamber. A freezing experiment in a climate chamber of 28 one‐year‐old full‐sib families (half diallel with two parents from each population) was also carried out. The results were related to the mortality of the same open pollinated families over the first 18 years in the field. The ranking of the populations was the same in all six freezing experiments as in the field. Significant differences in frost resistance between one‐year‐old open pollinated families were found within all populations except the most northern one. The correlations within populations between frost resistance and field mortality varied considerably between populations and freezing experiments. The results from the two greenhouse experiments showed the best correlations with the cumulative field mortality after 18 years. The freezing test of the 28 full‐sib families resulted in the same mutual ranking, according to the general combining ability of parents within populations, as was obtained from the freezing tests of single tree families.     

青海省海北州麝香资源及其开发利用和发展前景

麝香是由鹿科动物马麝和林麝成熟雄体香囊中的分泌物干燥而成,为我国特产的名贵药材和世界四大名香之一。介绍了马麝和林麝的动物形态特征以及麝香的采集加工方法、商品质量与鉴别方法及产销情况,并展望了麝香的发展前景。     

农户经济增长与发展稳定性研究

通过大量长期跟踪观察的农户资料对农户纱济增长与发展进行了实证分析，揭示出农记脓庭经济增长与发展的稳定性是有条件的，在一定家庭生命周期段农户经济可以持续增长，当家庭生命周期运行到一定程度，农户经济增长必然出现衰退。     

视网膜母细胞瘤109例分析

目的：分析视网膜母细胞瘤的发病特点和诊治规律。方法；收集本院近２３ａ来的１０９例ＲＢ病毒，对其临床特点，病理表现，治疗，预后及家系调查作一回顾性分析。结果：７７．１％的病例就诊年龄小于５岁。２２例为双眼发病，９例具有肿瘤家族史。１０９例中以晚期虱阳多见，病理检查大多可见有视神经和巩膜浸润。     

孵化后温度调控对虹鳟全雌家系早期生长性能的影响

本研究以建立的虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）全雌全同胞家系为研究对象,受精卵在12℃避光孵化至上浮,上浮后设置了四个温度处理组进行饲育,分别为12℃、15℃、18℃、20℃和水温4～7℃之间（平均水温约为6℃）常规涌泉水流水养殖对照组。30d后,所有处理组均转入与对照组相同条件的流水养殖。生长性能数据采...     

荒漠草原区家庭牧场退化草地恢复管理措施研究

为探索荒漠草原区家庭生态牧场退化草地恢复治理措施,2014—2017年开展了对3户家庭生态牧场退化草地恢复管理措施试验。结果表明:补播措施和划破加补播措施明显提高了退化草地地上生物量、植被盖度及草群高度,对物种丰富度的影响不显著,补播措施地上生物量增加51.6%~58.4%,划破加补播处理地上生物量增加48.3%~48.9%;第3年,补播处理、划破加补播处理植被盖度较第1年的对照增加50.2%~70.8%,草群高度增加52.1%~69.8%;补播措施和划破加补播措施使杂草类在总生物量中的比例降低至10%左右,莎草类降低至14%左右。综合评价后,补播、划破加补播措施为当地家庭生态牧场退化草地恢复的有效管理措施;可以为荒漠草原区家庭生态牧场退化草地恢复治理提供技术支持。